He resigned at age 34 and became a private tutor. Dalton became a teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy (the study of nature and physics) at age 27 at a dissenting academy in Manchester. The modern atomic theory, proposed about 1803 by the English chemist John Dalton (Figure 2.3.1 2.3. He could not attend an English university because he was a Dissenter (opposed to being required to join the Church of England), so he learned about science informally from John Gough, a mathematician and experimental physicist. Within just a few years, despite their lack of higher education, John and his brother started up their own Quaker school. John Dalton started working when he was 10 years old and began teaching at a local school at age 12. Currently, it is believed that an atom is constructed of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. He learned from his father, a weaver, and from Quaker John Fletcher, who taught at a private school. Atomic theory is based around the idea that an atom is the smallest indivisible particle of an element. The particulars of this theory, including the means by which it evolved over the centuries, are as dramatic as any detective story. The answer is that atoms are composed of subatomic particles, protons, neutron, and electrons, and the number of the protons and electrons in an atom defines the element it represents. Democritus taught the theory of atomism, which held the belief that indivisible and indestructible atoms are the basic components of all matter in the universe. Atomic theory explains a great deal about the universe, including the relationship between chemical elements, and therefore (as with Darwins theory concerning biological evolution), it is generally accepted as fact. That is, there must be some point beyond which we cannot go in the division of matter.I have chosen the word “atom” to signify these ultimate particles."ĭalton was born into a Quaker family on September 6, 1766. Dalton’s atomic theory stated that different elements were made of different atoms, but did not explain what made the atoms different.
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